@article { author = {Mousavinasab, Seyed Ruhollah and Owlia, mohammad bagher}, title = {Weekly versus daily leflunomide}, journal = {Rheumatology Research}, volume = {5}, number = {3}, pages = {87-89}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Rheumatology Research}, issn = {2476-5856}, eissn = {2476-5856}, doi = {10.22631/rr.2020.69997.1096}, abstract = {Among the most common chronic conditions needing chronic drug therapy are chronic rheumatic diseases, diabetes mellitus,hypertension, depression, psychosis, inflammatory bowel diseases, multiple sclerosis, coronary vascular disease, dyslipidemiaand also chronic rheumatic disorders are among. Most researchers and pharmaceutical companies are constantly trying todevelop new drugs with more specific measures based on the pathophysiology of the disease in question. Finding an idealapproach in practice guidelines with minimum adverse drug effects is optimum. Post-drug effects deal with the biological effectsof a medicine lasting longer than expected from its pharmacological half-life. This could be more evident in many drugs,including hydroxychloroquine, methotrexate, leflunomide, dexamethasone, fluoxetine, and other lipid lowering drugs. Thiseffect not only maintains the therapeutic effect of the drugs, but also reduces the side effects. Leflunomide is animmunomodulatory antirheumatic and disease-modifying drug that is used to treat rheumatoid arthritis as well as otherinflammatory arthritis (namely psoriatic arthritis) by inhibiting the synthesis of pyrimidine. Due to the metabolite of leflunomidein the body and the long half-life of this drug, it is possible to prescribe this drug on a weekly basis. Study results have indicatedthat weekly administration of leflunomide has advantages over daily administration, such as the same therapeutic effect, easeof administration, lower cost of treatment, fewer side effects of medication, and more patient compliance. Thus, based on theresults, it can be recommended that leflunomide be administered weekly.}, keywords = {chronic rheumatic disorders,Weekly administration,leflunomide}, url = {https://www.rheumres.org/article_127117.html}, eprint = {https://www.rheumres.org/article_127117_c22daa06ca7faba259ae8fc1396d03e3.pdf} } @article { author = {Yermohammadi, Hossein and Mirzaei, Alireza and Zabihiyeganeh, Mozhdeh}, title = {Review of the Clinical Applications of Trabecular Bone Score}, journal = {Rheumatology Research}, volume = {5}, number = {3}, pages = {91-98}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Rheumatology Research}, issn = {2476-5856}, eissn = {2476-5856}, doi = {10.22631/rr.2020.69997.1097}, abstract = {Assessment of bone health is essential in many different diseases and conditions, including osteoporosis and fragility fracture.Although bone mineral density (BMD) has a well-established role in measuring bone quantity, it is unable to determine bonequality. Recently, the trabecular bone score (TBS) was developed as a valuable approach to determining bone quality byevaluating the microarchitecture of a bone. TBS data is of critical importance, particularly in conditions in which BMD is falselyelevated or has not yet decreased significantly. The current review has collected current evidence regarding the clinicalapplications of TBS in various disorders, such as osteoporosis, fracture, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and degenerative bonediseases.}, keywords = {Bone,Microarchitecture,Osteoporosis,Trabecular Bone Score}, url = {https://www.rheumres.org/article_125271.html}, eprint = {https://www.rheumres.org/article_125271_e791e0f68e26683984a8d47c85f5cd93.pdf} } @article { author = {Mirfeizi, Zahra and Norouzbeigi, Nasim and Sahebari, Maryam and Jokar, Mohammadhassan and Rezaei Yazdi, Zahra and Zakavi, Seyed Rasoul and Shafiei, Sousan and Aghaee, Atena}, title = {Feasibility and Toxicity of Intra-Articular 188Re-tin Colloid Injection in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis with Three-Phase Positive Bone Scan and Refractory Knee Pain, a pilot study}, journal = {Rheumatology Research}, volume = {5}, number = {3}, pages = {99-103}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Rheumatology Research}, issn = {2476-5856}, eissn = {2476-5856}, doi = {10.22631/rr.2020.69997.1098}, abstract = {Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory joint disease that causes chronic synovial inflammation. Reactor-producedβ-particle emitting radionuclides is a new therapeutic strategy in the management of RA. This study was conducted in 2019and analyzed the toxicity and feasibility of 188Re-tin colloid injection, Three-Phase Positive Bone Scan, and Refractory KneePain. Ten patients with RA were administered radiosynovectomy with 188Re-tin colloid. The main complications after theintervention were assessed and compared with patients’ pre-intervention condition. Patients showed alleviation of pain,tenderness, and morning stiffness after the administration of radiosynovectomy. Only one RA patient received a corticosteroidinjection; the other 6 patients did not need a corticosteroid injection after radiosynovectomy. Intra-articular 188Re-tin colloidinjection seems to be an effective treatment modality for refractory knee joint pain in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Thus, it issuggested as a safe and effective strategy to apply.}, keywords = {Knee joint,Pain,Rheumatoid arthritis,188Re-tin}, url = {https://www.rheumres.org/article_129528.html}, eprint = {https://www.rheumres.org/article_129528_a7ea37c0acabac65ef12877bebf3a5d9.pdf} } @article { author = {Rezaei, Ramazan and Kavosi, Hoda and Gharibdoost, Farhad and Mojtahedi, Hanieh and Vodjgani, Mohammad and Mahmoudi, Mahdi}, title = {IRF7 and STAT1 gene expression profile in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with systemic sclerosis}, journal = {Rheumatology Research}, volume = {5}, number = {3}, pages = {105-110}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Rheumatology Research}, issn = {2476-5856}, eissn = {2476-5856}, doi = {10.22631/rr.2020.69997.1099}, abstract = {The critical role of IFN signature genes has increasingly been surveyed to determine the etiology and pathogenesis of systemicsclerosis (SSc). Interferon-regulatory factors (IRFs) and signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs) are mainlyconsidered as transcriptional modulators of IFN-signature genes and type I interferon and play a major role in the regulation ofnumerous aspects of an immune response. The current study aimed to assess the transcriptional levels of IRF7 (interferonregulatory factor 7) and STAT1 (signal transducers and activators of transcription 1) mRNAs in PBMCs of scleroderma patientsand compare them with those of healthy subjects.In this study, PBMCs were obtained from 50 scleroderma patients and 30 healthy individuals. Subsequently, total RNA wasextracted from isolated PBMCs and cDNA synthesis was carried out. IRF7 and STAT1 mRNA expressions were assessed byapplying quantitative real-time PCR, SYBR Green method, and specific primers for IRF7 and STAT1.Relative expression of IRF7 was significantly increased in the patient group compared with the control group. Moreover, relativeexpression of IRF7 in limited SSc (lSSc) and diffuse SSc (dSSc) was significantly increased compared with healthy subjects (p< 0.05). The relative expression of STAT1 transcripts in PBMCs was not statistically significantly different between the patientgroup and the control group. The correlation between IRF7 expression and the Rodnan score (RS) of the disease was significant.Considering the overexpression of IRF7 in SSc patients and significant correlation between the IRF7 and the Rodnan score ofthe disease, it is suggested that impaired expression of IRF7 is involved in the pathogenesis of SSc.}, keywords = {PBMCs,Gene expression,IRF7,STAT1,systemic sclerosis}, url = {https://www.rheumres.org/article_121924.html}, eprint = {https://www.rheumres.org/article_121924_4d8c4c944999d36a11ba410f351d2b06.pdf} } @article { author = {Aghayani, Shila and Abbasi, Mohammad Reza and Najafizadeh, Seyed Reza and Movaseghi, Shafieh and Rostamian, Abdolrahman}, title = {Clinical and laboratory findings versus results of renal biopsy: Evaluation the diagnostic value in patients with lupus nephritis}, journal = {Rheumatology Research}, volume = {5}, number = {3}, pages = {111-114}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Rheumatology Research}, issn = {2476-5856}, eissn = {2476-5856}, doi = {10.22631/rr.2020.69997.1100}, abstract = {Kidney involvement is a major cause of death and disability in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Early andaccurate determination of the type of involvement is essential in choosing the appropriate treatment for these patients. Thecurrent study aimed to determine whether laboratory findings are consistent with kidney biopsy for biopsy classification.This descriptive analytic cross-sectional study was performed on 17 patients with SLE admitted to rheumatology and nephrologydepartments. All patients underwent renal biopsy and received appropriate treatment according to the reported pathology. Dataanalysis was performed using SPSS software version 25. The participants comprised 14 females and 3 males with a mean ageof 32.23±11.12 years. The findings of this study showed that mean serum C3 and 24-hour urine protein concentrations weresignificantly different between the four studied groups according to the type of kidney pathology (p =0.042, p =0.041;respectively). No significant relationship was found between pathological findings and clinical signs, demographic information,and other laboratory findings (p >0.05). Based on the findings of the present study, it can be concluded that renal biopsy is themost accurate method available for the diagnosis and classification of lupus nephritis. Nonetheless, renal biopsy has limitationsincluding side effects, the need for an experienced pathologist, and suboptimality in some cases; renal biopsy was suboptimalin three cases of the current study. Therefore, noninvasive faster methods with high efficacy should be sought.}, keywords = {clinical symptoms,Kidney pathology,Laboratory findings,lupus nephritis}, url = {https://www.rheumres.org/article_125610.html}, eprint = {https://www.rheumres.org/article_125610_70672f89cb05a846ab8e45b1b8d248e5.pdf} } @article { author = {Saha, Shruti and Saha, Lekha and Singh, Neha and Singh, Jagjit and kumar, Rohit and Bhatia, Alka and Chakrabarti, Amitava}, title = {To study the effect and mechanism of dimethyl fumarate [DMF] in adjuvant induced arthritis model in rats}, journal = {Rheumatology Research}, volume = {5}, number = {3}, pages = {115-128}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Rheumatology Research}, issn = {2476-5856}, eissn = {2476-5856}, doi = {10.22631/rr.2020.69997.1101}, abstract = {Currently available disease modifying anti-rheumatoid drugs have limitations like dose-dependent toxicity and tolerance.Dimethyl fumarate has demonstrated anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties in various animal models. Thus, thepresent study aimed to evaluate the effects and mechanism of DMF in a murine model of adjuvant-induced arthritis.A total of 84 rats were divided into early treatment groups (n=48) and late treatment groups (n=36). There were 8 subgroupsand 6 subgroups (n=6 in each group) in the early and late treatment groups, respectively. Experimental rheumatoid arthritis(RA) was induced in Wistar rats by injecting complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) intradermally at the base of the tail. Antirheumatic effects were evaluated by arthritis and histopathological scoring of ankle joints. To evaluate anti-oxidant properties,GSH, catalase, SOD, and lipid peroxidation were measured. ESR, WBC count, TNF-α and IL-6 levels were measured to evaluatethe immunomodulatory properties of DMF. DMF demonstrated anti-inflammatory effects by decreasing arthritis andhistopathological scores compared to the CFA control group, though the difference was not statistically significant. DMFexhibited immunomodulatory properties as decreases in TLC count, serum TNF-α, and plasma IL-6 levels were observed. In allthe above-mentioned parameters, the best response was achieved with the early combination therapy of DMF 30 mg/kg andmethotrexate [Mtx] 0.1 mg/kg. In the present study, DMF demonstrated antirheumatoid effects in a rat model of CFA-inducedarthritis. The best antirheumatoid effect was achieved with the early combination of DMF and Mtx.}, keywords = {anti-inflammatory agents,Antioxidants arthritis,Dimethyl fumarate,Freund's adjuvant,Rheumatoid}, url = {https://www.rheumres.org/article_128841.html}, eprint = {https://www.rheumres.org/article_128841_d1fb918260430dd8794b3881ca065a5b.pdf} } @article { author = {Khederlou, Hamid and Rostamian, Abdolrahman and Nezhadseifi, Elham and Ebrahimi-louyeh, Hourvash}, title = {Resolved of Respiratory Failure Following the Use Pulse-Doses of Methylprednisolone in a Cytokine Storm Related to 2019 novel coronavirus}, journal = {Rheumatology Research}, volume = {5}, number = {3}, pages = {129-133}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Rheumatology Research}, issn = {2476-5856}, eissn = {2476-5856}, doi = {10.22631/rr.2020.69997.1102}, abstract = {Since mid-December of 2019, an outbreak of pneumonia has been spread from Wuhan City, Hubei province, China, as a viralpneumonia. After virus identification and isolation, the pathogen for this pneumonia was originally called 2019 novelcoronavirus (2019-nCoV). 2019-nCoV has been associated with progressive cytokine storm leading to a hyper-inflammatorystate that this state associated with respiratory failure. We hereby reported a known case of Rheumatoid arthritis, Hypertensionand Coronary artery bypass graft that confirmed 2019-nCoV and he was associated with progressive cytokine storm leading torespiratory failure. After corticosteroid administration, respiratory failure and extremely high levels of IL6 respondeddramatically to pulse-doses of Methylprednisolone. We concluded that pulse-doses of Corticosteroids can be effective incontrolling and relieving cytokine storms and related respiratory failure.}, keywords = {Cytokine Storm,Interleukin-6,2019 novel coronavirus,Respiratory Failure,Systemic Corticosteroid}, url = {https://www.rheumres.org/article_113117.html}, eprint = {https://www.rheumres.org/article_113117_95bfdc675fbc5fd308f8fac7f6e98c24.pdf} }